This is achieved by flooding the target with so much traffic that it cannot handle the load, causing it to slow down, crash, or become entirely inaccessible.

Types of DDoS Attacks
Volume-Based Attacks: These attacks involve overwhelming the target with a high volume of traffic. The attacker sends a massive amount    cn2 gia  of data, measured in bits per second (bps), to the target. This type of attack includes techniques like UDP floods, ICMP floods, and spoofed-packet floods.

Protocol Attacks: Protocol attacks, also known as state-exhaustion attacks, focus on exploiting weaknesses in network protocols to overwhelm the target. These attacks include SYN floods, fragmented packet attacks, and Ping of Death. They are measured in packets per second (pps).

Application Layer Attacks: Application layer attacks target the layer where web pages are generated and delivered to users. These attacks, measured in requests per second (rps), focus on specific applications or services, making them more difficult to detect. Examples include HTTP floods and Slowloris attacks.

DDoS Defense Strategies
Traffic Analysis and Anomaly Detection: One of the first lines of defense against DDoS attacks is the continuous monitoring of network traffic. By analyzing traffic patterns, security systems can identify anomalies that may indicate an ongoing or impending DDoS attack. Anomaly detection systems use machine learning algorithms to differentiate between legitimate traffic and potential threats.

Rate Limiting: Rate limiting is a technique that controls the number of requests a user can make to a server within a specific time frame. By limiting the rate of incoming traffic, rate limiting helps prevent the server from being overwhelmed by a sudden surge in traffic, thus mitigating the impact of a DDoS attack.