Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is an advanced technique used in reproductive medicine to identify genetic and chromosomal conditions in embryos before implantation. One of the most fascinating applications of PGD is gender selection, which allows couples to choose the sex of their baby for medical or family-balancing reasons. 

Step 1: Ovarian Stimulation and Egg Retrieval

The process begins like any typical IVF treatment cycle. The woman undergoes hormonal injections to stimulate her ovaries to produce multiple mature eggs. This increases the chances of creating several viable embryos.

Once the eggs are ready, they are collected from the ovaries through a minor surgical procedure called egg retrieval, performed under mild sedation. The retrieved eggs are then sent to the laboratory for fertilization.

Step 2: Fertilization of Eggs

In the laboratory, the eggs are fertilized with the partner’s or donor’s sperm. This can be done using conventional IVF or ICSI treatment in Lahore, where a single sperm is directly injected into each egg to ensure successful fertilization.

After fertilization, the embryos are carefully cultured in controlled conditions for several days until they reach a suitable developmental stage for biopsy.

Step 3: Embryo Biopsy

On the fifth or sixth day of development, when embryos have reached the blastocyst stage, a few cells are gently removed from each embryo. This step is called an embryo biopsy. The cells taken for testing do not harm the embryo’s development.

These extracted cells are then sent for detailed genetic analysis, where scientists examine the chromosomes to determine the embryo’s sex and screen for any genetic abnormalities.

Step 4: Genetic Testing Using PGD

During PGD, advanced molecular techniques are used to study the DNA of the biopsied cells. This testing identifies whether an embryo has male (XY) or female (XX) chromosomes.

Apart from determining gender, PGD also detects inherited genetic diseases or chromosomal disorders, ensuring that only healthy embryos are selected for transfer.

This precision testing provides accuracy rates of more than 99% in identifying embryo gender, making it one of the most reliable methods available in modern fertility science.

Step 5: Selection of Embryos

After the genetic analysis, the embryologists and fertility doctors review the results to identify which embryos are healthy and of the desired gender. The couple is then informed of the findings and can discuss which embryo(s) they prefer to transfer.

It’s important to note that only genetically normal and healthy embryos are chosen, even if they don’t match the preferred gender. The ultimate goal remains to achieve a successful and healthy pregnancy.

Step 6: Embryo Transfer

Once the healthiest embryos are selected, one or two are transferred into the woman’s uterus. This is a simple, painless procedure similar to a regular IVF embryo transfer.

After the transfer, the woman may continue taking hormonal medications to support implantation and early pregnancy development. About two weeks later, a blood test confirms whether pregnancy has been achieved.

Step 7: Cryopreservation of Remaining Embryos

Any remaining healthy embryos of either gender are frozen for future use. This allows couples the option to expand their family later without repeating the entire IVF and PGD process.

Why Couples Choose PGD Gender Selection

Couples may opt for PGD gender selection for several valid reasons, including:

• Preventing sex-linked genetic disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hemophilia

• Family balancing for couples who already have children of one gender

• Reducing the risk of hereditary diseases

• Achieving peace of mind by ensuring a healthy embryo is transferred

Accuracy and Success Rate

PGD gender selection performed during IVF is highly accurate and safe. In advanced laboratories, the accuracy of determining an embryo’s sex exceeds 99%. However, success also depends on maternal age, egg quality, and the expertise of the medical team at the fertility specialist in Lahore.

Final Thoughts

PGD gender selection during IVF is a precise and scientifically proven technique that helps couples achieve their dreams of having a healthy child. By combining advanced genetics with reproductive technology, it offers hope to families at risk of genetic disorders and provides a thoughtful option for those seeking gender balance. Consulting an experienced fertility expert ensures that the process is performed ethically, safely, and effectively.